توربینهای باد مقیاس کوچک جریان متقاطع: مروری بر توسعه فناوری و کاربردها

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکده مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، دپارتمان انرژی، دانشگاه آلبورگ، اسبیرگ، دانمارک

چکیده

وسعت مناطق بادخیز در ایران، بستر مناسبی جهت بهره‌مندی از انرژی باد فراهم می‌کند. توربین‌های محور عمودی که به‌عنوان دسته‌ای از توربین‌های مقیاس‌کوچک شناخته می‌شوند؛ مورد توجه قرار گرفته و هر روزه توسعه بیشتری می‌یابند. یکی از انواع این توربین‌ها، که گزینه بسیار مناسبی برای کاربردهای شهری و خانگی به نظر می‌رسد، توربین جریان متقاطع (کراس فلو) است. به دلیل کوچک بودن نسبی حداکثر ضریب توان در توربین کراس فلو، روش‌هایی برای هدایت جریان باد به درون توربین پیشنهاد شده است. این مقاله به مرور مطالعات در حوزه طراحی و بهبود عملکرد توربین کراس فلو از طریق تغییر مشخصات هندسی توربین یا ارائه روش‌هایی برای هدایت جریان باد به درون توربین پرداخته است. پس از معرفی توربین کراس فلو، روش‌های هدایت جریان باد به درون توربین و میزان اثرگذاری هر کدام بر ضریب توان و عملکرد توربین بیان می‌شوند. این روش‌ها به 7 دسته‌ی نازل راهنما، محفظه یا پوسته هدایت جریان، پره راهنما، منحرف‌کننده، روپوش، پره راهنمای چند‌جهته و زفیر تقسیم شده‌اند. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد که عمده پژوهش‌ها به توسعه پره راهنمای چندجهته پرداخته‌اند. همچنین این توربین برای سه شهر اردبیل، بابلسر و زاهدان در ایران، براساس سه نوع سیستم (فروش مستقیم، متصل به شبکه و متصل به شبکه با باتری) مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد، سیستم فروش مستقیم بهترین گزینه برای بهره‌وری از توربین کراس فلو در ایران است و دوره بازگشت سرمایه کمتر از 10 سال تنها با کاهش قیمت توربین به 10% الی 29% قیمت کنونی حاصل می‌شود.

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