مروری جامع بر ذخیره انرژی گرمایی به کمک مواد تغییر فاز (PCM)

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مهندسی نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی، دانشگاه خلیج‌ فارس، بوشهر، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی، دانشگاه خلیج‌ فارس، بوشهر، ایران

چکیده

مصرف روزافزون انرژی در دنیای امروز و مشکلات عمده زیست‌محیطی ناشی از آن موجب شده است تا تلاش برای توسعه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و کاهش مصرف انرژی، به ‌عنوان تلاشی برای بهبود مسائل زیست‌محیطی به دغدغه اصلی در تحقیقات نوین جهان تبدیل گردد. پیش‌بینی می‌شود تا سال 2050، هر ساله 8/1 درصد به مصرف انرژی جهانی و در نتیجه آن به آسیب‌های زیست‌محیطی در جهان افزوده شود. علاوه بر این، با افزایش شدید نیازهای سرمایش و گرمایش در بخش‌های مختلف صنایع و بخصوص نیاز به انرژی گرمایی در سراسر جهان، نیاز به فناوری مناسب که باعث بهبود عملکرد حرارتی در سیستم‌های مختلف شود، بسیار مهم به نظر می‌رسد. نتیجه این نیازها حرکت به ‌طرف انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و کاهش مصرف انرژی‌های متعارف بوده است. از طرفی تکنولوژی‌های جدید مانند باتری‌ها و مواد دارویی وابستگی شدیدی به تغییر دما از خود نشان می‌دهند. استفاده از مواد تغییر فاز (PCM) برای استراتژی‌های ذخیره انرژی حرارتی در سیستم‌های مختلف و شاخه‌های مختلف صنایع در صورتی‌که با انتخاب صحیح و آگاهانه همراه شود، می‌تواند الزامات بالقوه و نیازهای حرارتی را برآورده سازد. مقاله تحقیقاتی حاضر، مروری را بر روش‌های مدیریت انرژی با کمک PCMها و قابلیت‌های کلیدی این مواد، ارائه می‌دهد. همچنین به بررسی پیشینه PCM‌ها در صنایع مختلف می‌پردازد. استفاده از PCM‌ها در کاربردهای ساختمانی، باتری‌ها، سیستم‌های گرمایش آب خانگی و سایر کاربردها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. همچنین خلاصه‌ای از PCM‌های مورداستفاده، خواص مربوط به آن‌ها، مشکلات و راه‌کارهای استفاده از این مواد، سازندگان و آزمایش‌های مورد نیاز برای بررسی آن‌ها، ارائه‌ شده است.

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