[1] M. A. Boda, R. V. Phand, A. C. Kotali, Various Applications of Phase Change Materials: Thermal Energy Storing Materials, International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 167–171, 2017.
[2] H. Ö. Paksoy, Thermal energy storage for sustainable energy consumption, fundamentals, case studies and design, Vol. 234. Springer Science & Business Media, 2007.
[3] J. Romaní, J. Gasia, A. Solé, H. Takasu, Y. Kato, L. F. Cabeza, Evaluation of energy density as performance indicator for thermal energy storage at material and system levels, Applied Energy, Vol. 235, pp. 954–962, 2019.
[4] Z. Y. Xu, R. Z. Wang, Absorption seasonal thermal storage cycle with high energy storage density through multi-stage output, Energy, Vol. 167, pp. 1086–1096, 2019.
[5] M. Liu, N.H. Steven Taya, Stuart Bell, Review on concentrating solar power plants and new developments in high temperature thermal energy storage technologies, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 53, pp. 1411–1432, 2016.
[6] J. A. Almendros-Ibáñez, M. Fernández-Torrijos, M. Díaz-Heras, J. F. Belmonte, C. Sobrino, A review of solar thermal energy storage in beds of particles: Packed and fluidized beds, Solar Energy, Vol. 192, pp. 193–237, 2019.
[7] C. Lauterbach, B. Schmitt, U. Jordan, K. Vajen, The potential of solar heat for industrial processes in Germany, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 5121–5130, 2012.
[8] V. Becattini, T. Motmans, A. Zappone, C. Madonna, A. Haselbacher, A. Steinfeld, Experimental investigation of the thermal and mechanical stability of rocks for high-temperature thermal-energy storage, Applied Energy, Vol. 203, pp. 373–389, 2017.
[9] G. Alva, L. Liu, X. Huang, G. Fang, Thermal energy storage materials and systems for solar energy applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 68. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 693–706, 01, 2017.
[10] E. González-Roubaud, D. Pérez-Osorio, C. Prieto, Review of commercial thermal energy storage in concentrated solar power plants: Steam vs. molten salts, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, Vol. 80, pp. 133–148, 2017.
[11] P. Pinel, C. A. Cruickshank, I. Beausoleil-Morrison, A. Wills, A review of available methods for seasonal storage of solar thermal energy in residential applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 3341–3359, 2011.
[12] S. Haehnlein, P. Bayer, P. Blum, International legal status of the use of shallow geothermal energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 14, No. 9, pp. 2611–2625, 2010.
[13] G. Zanganeh, A. Pedretti, S. Zavattoni, M. Barbato, A. Steinfeld, Packed-bed thermal storage for concentrated solar power – Pilot-scale demonstration and industrial-scale design, Solar Energy, Vol. 86, No. 10, pp. 3084–3098, 2012.
[14] S. A. Zavattoni, M. C. Barbato, A. Pedretti, G. Zanganeh, CFD simulations of a pebble-bed Thermal Energy Storage system accounting for porosity variations effects, Solar PACES, 2011.
[15] R. Anderson, S. Shiri, H. Bindra, J. F. Morris, Experimental results and modeling of energy storage and recovery in a packed bed of alumina particles, Applied Energy, Vol. 119, pp. 521–529, 2014.
[16] S. Zunft, M. Hänel, M. Krüger, V. Dreißigacker, F. Göhring, E. Wahl, Jülich solar power tower—experimental evaluation of the storage subsystem and performance calculation, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 133, No. 3, 2011.
[17] M. E. Navarro, M Martínez, A Gil, AI Fernández, Selection and characterization of recycled materials for sensible thermal energy storage, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 107, pp. 131–135, 2012.
[18] H. Groenewold, E. Tsotsas, Drying in fluidized beds with immersed heating elements, Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 481–502, 2007.
[19] R. G. Emerson, Institutionalising a Radical Region: The Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America, Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 194–210, 2013.
[20] L. Chai, L. Wang, J. Liu, L. Yang, H. Chen, C. Tan, Performance study of a packed bed in a closed loop thermal energy storage system, Energy, Vol. 77, pp. 871–879, 2014.
[21] J. P. Coutier, E. A. Farber, Two applications of a numerical approach of heat transfer process within rock beds, Solar Energy, Vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 451–462, 1982.
[22] J. McTigue, A. White, A comparison of radial-flow and axial-flow packed beds for thermal energy storage, Energy Procedia, Vol. 105, pp. 4192–4197, 2017.
[23] X. He, S. Apte, K. Schneider, and B. Kadoch, Angular multiscale statistics of turbulence in a porous bed, Physical Review Fluids, Vol. 3, No. 8, p. 84501, 2018.
[24] B. Koçak and H. Paksoy, Packed-bed sensible thermal energy storage system using demolition wastes for concentrated solar power plants, E3S Web of Conferences, Vol. 113, pp. 1–9, 2019.
[25] S. Kuravi, J. Trahan, D. Y. Goswami, M. M. Rahman, and E. K. Stefanakos, Thermal energy storage technologies and systems for concentrating solar power plants, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 285–319, 2013.
[26] A. Gautam and R. P. Saini, A review on sensible heat based packed bed solar thermal energy storage system for low temperature applications, Solar Energy, Vol. 207, pp. 937–956, 2020.
[27] S. Khare, M. Dell’Amico, C. Knight, and S. McGarry, Selection of materials for high temperature sensible energy storage, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 115, pp. 114–122, 2013.
[28] A. Gautam and R. P. Saini, A review on technical, applications and economic aspect of packed bed solar thermal energy storage system, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 27, p. 101046, 2020.
[29] A. Bruch, J. F. Fourmigue, R. Couturier, and S. Molina, Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Stability of Packed Bed Thermal Energy Storage for CSP Power Plant, Energy Procedia, Vol. 49, pp. 743–751, 2014.
[30] C. Prieto, R. Osuna, A. I. Fernández, and L. F. Cabeza, Molten salt facilities, lessons learnt at pilot plant scale to guarantee commercial plants; heat losses evaluation and correction, Renewable Energy, Vol. 94, pp. 175–185, 2016.
[31] B. Stutz, N Le Pierrès, F Kuznik, Storage of thermal solar energy, Comptes Rendus Physique, Vol. 18, No. 7–8, pp. 401–414, 2017.
[32] Z. Yang and S. V. Garimella, Molten-salt thermal energy storage in thermoclines under different environmental boundary conditions, Applied Energy, Vol. 87, No. 11, pp. 3322–3329, 2010.
[33] A. Bruch, J. F. Fourmigué, and R. Couturier, Experimental and numerical investigation of a pilot-scale thermal oil packed bed thermal storage system for CSP power plant, Solar Energy, Vol. 105, pp. 116–125, 2014.
[34] A. Gautam and R. P. Saini, Experimental investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow behavior of packed bed solar thermal energy storage system having spheres as packing element with pores, Solar Energy, Vol. 204, pp. 530–541, 2020.
[35] A. Gautam and R. P. Saini, Thermal and hydraulic characteristics of packed bed solar energy storage system having spheres as packing element with pores, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 30, p. 101414, 2020.
[36] G. Alva, Y. Lin, and G. Fang, An overview of thermal energy storage systems, Energy, Vol. 144, pp. 341–378, 2018.
[37] N. Mertens, F. Alobaid, L. Frigge, and B. Epple, Dynamic simulation of integrated rock-bed thermocline storage for concentrated solar power, Solar Energy, Vol. 110, pp. 830–842, 2014.
[38] A. Faik, S Guillot, J Lambert, E Véron, Thermal storage material from inertized wastes: Evolution of structural and radiative properties with temperature, Solar Energy, Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 139–146, 2012.
[39] F. Motte, Q. Falcoz, E. Veron, and X. Py, Compatibility tests between Solar Salt and thermal storage ceramics from inorganic industrial wastes, Applied Energy, Vol. 155, pp. 14–22, 2015.
[40] O. B. Ozger, F Girardi, GM Giannuzzi, VA Salomoni, Effect of nylon fibres on mechanical and thermal properties of hardened concrete for energy storage systems, Materials & Design, Vol. 51, pp. 989–997, 2013.
[41] Y. Wang, X. Li, M. Sun, H. Yu, Managing urban ecological land as properties: Conceptual model, public perceptions, and willingness to pay, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 133, pp. 21–29, 2018.
[42] H. Singh, R. P. Saini, J. S. Saini, A review on packed bed solar energy storage systems, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 1059–1069, 2010.
[43] H. Agalit, N. Zari and M. Maaroufi, Thermophysical and chemical characterization of induction furnace slags for high temperature thermal energy storage in solar tower plants, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 172, pp. 168–176, 2017.
[44] R. Tiskatine, R Oaddi, RA El Cadi and A Bazgaou, Suitability and characteristics of rocks for sensible heat storage in CSP plants, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 169, pp. 245–257, 2017.
[45] H. W. Zhang, Q. Zhou, H. L. Xing and H. Muhlhaus, A DEM study on the effective thermal conductivity of granular assemblies, Powder Technology, Vol. 205, No. 1–3, pp. 172–183, 2011.
[46] M. J. Rhodes, Introduction to particle technology, Second Edition, p. 33, New York: Wiley, 2008.
[47] J. Eastwood, Random loose porosity of packed beds, British Chemical Engrgy, Vol. 14, No. 11, pp. 1542–1545, 1969.
[48] S. A. Kalogirou, S. Karellas, K. Braimakis, C. Stanciu, and V. Badescu, Exergy analysis of solar thermal collectors and processes, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 56, pp. 106–137, 2016.
[49] X. Cheng and X. Zhai, Thermal performance analysis and optimization of a cascaded packed bed cool thermal energy storage unit using multiple phase change materials, Applied Energy, Vol. 215, pp. 566–576, 2018.
[50] H. Atalay, Performance analysis of a solar dryer integrated with the packed bed thermal energy storage (TES) system, Energy, Vol. 172, pp. 1037–1052, 2019.
[51] A. P. Colburn, Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Empty, Baffled, and Packed Tubes1, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 23, No. 8, pp. 910–913, 1931.
[52] B. Eisfeld and K. Schnitzlein, The influence of confining walls on the pressure drop in packed beds, Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 56, No. 14, pp. 4321–4329, 2001.
[53] D. Nemec and J. Levec, Flow through packed bed reactors: Single-phase flow, Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 60, No. 24, pp. 6947–6957, 2005.
[54] R. Singh, R. P. Saini, and J. S. Saini, Nusselt number and friction factor correlations for packed bed solar energy storage system having large sized elements of different shapes, Solar Energy, Vol. 80, No. 7, pp. 760–771, 2006.
[55] M. S. Audi, Experimental study of a solar space heating model using Jordanian rocks for storage, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 33, No. 9, pp. 833–842, 1992.
[56] K. G. Allen, T. W. von Backström, and D. G. Kröger, Packed bed pressure drop dependence on particle shape, size distribution, packing arrangement and roughness, Powder Technology, Vol. 246, pp. 590–600, 2013.
[57] P. L. Singh, S. D. Deshpandey, and P. C. Jena, Thermal performance of packed bed heat storage system for solar air heaters, Energy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 29, pp. 112–117, 2015.
[58] C. Suresh and R. P. Saini, Review on solar thermal energy storage technologies and their geometrical configurations, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 4163–4195, 2020.
[59] I Dincer, S Dost and X Li, Performance analyses of sensible heat storage systems for thermal applications, International Journal of Energy Research, Fuel and Energy Abstracts, Vol. 38, No. 6, p. 435, 1997.
[60] I. Dincer, S. Dost, and X. Li, Thermal energy storage systems and energy savings, International Energy and Environment Symptoms, pp. 373–379, 1996 .
[61] P. Agrawal, A. Gautam, A. Kunwar, M. Kumar and S. Chamoli, Performance assessment of heat transfer and friction characteristics of a packed bed heat storage system embedded with internal grooved cylinders, Solar Energy, Vol. 161, pp. 148–158, 2018.
[62] S. M. Hasnain, Review on sustainable thermal energy storage technologies, Part II: cool thermal storage, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 39, No. 11, pp. 1139–1153, 1998.
[63] S. M. Hasnain, Review on sustainable thermal energy storage technologies part I: Heat storage materials and techniques, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 39, No. 11, pp. 1127–1138, 1998.
[64] O. Maaliou and B. J. McCoy, Optimization of thermal energy storage in packed columns, Solar Energy, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 35–41, 1985.
[65] S. Bouadila, M. Lazaar, S. Skouri, S. Kooli, and A. Farhat, Assessment of the greenhouse climate with a new packed-bed solar air heater at night, in Tunisia, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 35. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 31–41, 01, 2014.
[66] A. Saxena, V. Tirth, and G. Srivastava, Design and Performance Analysis of a Solar Air Heater With High Heat Storage, Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 35–55, 2014.
[67] R. Anderson, L. Bates, E. Johnson, and J. F. Morris, Packed bed thermal energy storage: A simplified experimentally validated model, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 4, pp. 14–23, 2015.
[68] A. A. El-Sebaii, S. Aboul-Enein, M. R. I. Ramadan, and E. El-Bialy, Year round performance of double pass solar air heater with packed bed, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 990–1003, 2007.
[69] A. Saxena, N. Agarwal, and G. Srivastava, Design and performance of a solar air heater with long term heat storage, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 8–16, 2013.
[70] H. H. Öztürk and A. Başçetinçelik, Energy and Exergy Efficiency of a Packed-bed Heat Storage Unit for Greenhouse Heating, Biosystems Engineering, Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 231–245, 2003.
[71] D. Jain and R. K. Jain, Performance evaluation of an inclined multi-pass solar air heater with in-built thermal storage on deep-bed drying application, Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 497–509, 2004.
[72] V. V Tyagi, A. K. Pandey, G. Giridhar, B. Bandyopadhyay, S. R. Park, and S. K. Tyagi, Comparative study based on exergy analysis of solar air heater collector using thermal energy storage, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 724–736, 2012.
[73] S. Karthikeyan, G. Ravikumar Solomon, V. Kumaresan, and R. Velraj, Parametric studies on packed bed storage unit filled with PCM encapsulated spherical containers for low temperature solar air heating applications, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 78, pp. 74–80, 2014.
[74] F. H. Fahmy and Z. S. Abdel-Rehim, Novel Design of Photovoltaic System Coupled with Packed Bed Thermal Energy Storage, Energy Sources, Vol. 19, No. 10, pp. 1031–1041, 1997.
[75] D. Jain, Modeling the performance of the reversed absorber with packed bed thermal storage natural convection solar crop dryer, Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 637–647, 2007.
[76] V. P. Sethi and S. K. Sharma, Survey and evaluation of heating technologies for worldwide agricultural greenhouse applications, Solar Energy, Vol. 82, No. 9, pp. 832–859, 2008.
[77] F. P. Casciatori and J. C. Thoméo, Heat transfer in packed-beds of agricultural waste with low rates of air flow applicable to solid-state fermentation, Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 188, pp. 97–111, 2018.
[78] C. Choudhury, P. M. Chauhan, and H. P. Garg, Economic design of a rock bed storage device for storing solar thermal energy, Solar Energy, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 29–37, 1995.
[79] P. M. Chauhan, C. Choudhury, and H. P. Garg, Comparative performance of coriander dryer coupled to solar air heater and solar air-heater-cum-rockbed storage, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 475–486, 1996.
[80] J. Kalra, G. Raghav, and M. Nagpal, Parametric study of satratification in packed bed sensible heat, solar energy storage system, Applied Solar Energy, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 259–264, 2016.
[81] G. N. Tiwari, P. S. Bhatia, A. K. Singh, and R. K. Goyal, Analytical studies of crop drying cum water heating system, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 38, No. 8, pp. 751–759, 1997.
[82] P. Dhiman, N. S. Thakur, and S. R. Chauhan, Thermal and thermohydraulic performance of counter and parallel flow packed bed solar air heaters, Renewable Energy, Vol. 46, pp. 259–268, 2012.
[83] R. Lugolole, A. Mawire, K. A. Lentswe, D. Okello, and K. Nyeinga, Thermal performance comparison of three sensible heat thermal energy storage systems during charging cycles, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, Vol. 30, pp. 37–51, 2018.
[84] H. Atalay, M. Turhan Çoban, and O. Kıncay, Modeling of the drying process of apple slices: Application with a solar dryer and the thermal energy storage system, Energy, Vol. 134, pp. 382–391, 2017.
)
