ریزشبکه، بهترین بستر برای بهره‌وری اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی از تولیدات تجدیدپذیر: اجزا، مفاهیم، چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسنده

کارشناس ارشد مهندسی برق-قدرت، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر به دلایلی از قبیل پایان­پذیری و آلایندگی سوخت‌های فسیلی و همچنین نیاز بیشتر به مصرف برق، توجه جامعه‌ی جهانی به استفاده از انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر بیشتر شده‌است. از طرفی، به­خدمت­گرفتن انرژی­های تجدیدپذیر در تولید انرژی الکتریکی مستلزم فراهم­آوردن زیرساخت و بستر مناسب در سیستم قدرت است. این مسأله منجر به ظهور مفهومی به نام ریزشبکه شده است. ریزشبکه یک گروه محلّی از منابع و بارهای الکتریکی است که به طور معمول به صورت متصل­شده و همزمان با شبکه برق متمرکز سنّتی عمل می‌کند و می­تواند منابع تولید پراکنده به خصوص منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر را به طور مؤثری با هم ادغام کند. با توجه به تفاوت­های ساختاری بین ریزشبکه و سیستم‌های قدرت سنّتی، چالش‌های متعدّدی پیش روی ریزشبکه‌ها قرار دارد. در این مقاله به بررسی مفهوم ریزشبکه، تجهیزات مورد استفاده، چالش­های پیش رو و خلاءهای پژوهشی پرداخته‌شده­است. مرور پژوهش­های انجام­شده نشان می­دهد که ریزشبکه­ها در صورت رفع موانع فنی و حل چالش­های پیش رو می­توانند به عنوان بستری مناسب برای بهره­برداری حداکثری از منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر تلقی شوند و این انتظار می­رود که سیستم­های قدرت در آینده از این نوع باشند.

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