راهبرد استفاده از انرژی بادی در مناطق شهری توسط توربین‌ های بادی محور عمودی هیبریدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 تبدیل انرژی، مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران،

2 گروه مهندسی مکانیک دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

3 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

از مباحث چالش بر‌انگیز در بهره‌گیری از انرژی بادی، استفاده از توربین‌های بادی در مناطق شهری است. به علت ساختار پیچیده این مناطق، باد، مغشوش بوده و با تغییر سرعت ناگهانی همراه است. به این علت متداول است که در این مناطق از توربین‌های بادی محور عمودی (داریوس-ساوینیوس) که مستقل از جهت باد عمل می‌کنند استفاده شود. در پژوهش پیش‌رو مروری جامع و کامل بر مطالعه‌های اصلی در این حوزه انجام شده است. به‌علاوه، چالش‌های پیش‌رو در استفاده از انواع توربین‌های بادی محور عمودی مطرح گردیده‌اند. از چالش‌های مطرح در این حوزه استفاده ترکیبی (هیبریدسازی) دو نوع توربین بادی داریوس و ساوینیوس است. در توربین داریوس ضریب توان بالاتر بوده و در توربین ساوینیوس امکان راه‌اندازی در سرعت‌های پایین‌تر باد وجود دارد. در این پژوهش کاربردی‌تر کردن این سیستم (توربین بادی محور عمودی هیبریدی داریوس-ساوینیوس) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است و پیشنهادها نیز ارائه شده است. طبق پژوهش انجام شده برای حذف تأثیر مخرب روتور توربین ساوینیوس بر روتور توربین داریوس در سرعت‌های بالای باد استفاده از یک کلاچ مکانیکی، برای جداسازی این دو روتور در سرعت‌های دورانی بالا، پیشنهاد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


[1]          B. K. Sahu, “Wind energy developments and policies in China: A short review,” Renew. Sustain. energy Rev., vol. 81, pp. 1393–1405, 2018.
[2]          R. REN21, “Global Status Report, REN21 Secretariat, Paris, France,” in Tech. Rep., 2017.
[3]          R. L. Arantegui and A. Jäger-Waldau, “Photovoltaics and wind status in the European Union after the Paris Agreement,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 81, pp. 2460–2471, 2018.
[4]          T. Sundqvist and P. Soderholm, “Valuing the environmental impacts of electricity generation: a critical survey.,” J. Energy Lit., vol. 8, no. March, pp. 3–41, 2002.
[5]          A. Tummala, R. K. Velamati, D. K. Sinha, V. Indraja, and V. H. Krishna, “A review on small scale wind turbines,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 56, pp. 1351–1371, 2016.
[6]          F. Atash, “The deterioration of urban environments in developing countries: Mitigating the air pollution crisis in Tehran, Iran,” cities, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 399–409, 2007.
[7]          S. Mertens, “Wind energy in the built environment: concentrator effects of buildings,” 2006.
[8]          G. v. K. C. S. Ferreira, G. v. Bussel, F. Scarano, “Visualization by PIV of dynamic stall on a vertical axis wind turbine,” pp. 97–108, 2009.
[9]          R. Gupta, R. Das, and K. K. Sharma, “Experimental study of a Savonius-Darrieus wind machine,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Energy for Developing Countries, University of Columbia, Washington DC, 2006.
[10]        J. Beurskens and P. H. Jensen, “Economics of wind energy: Prospects and directions,” Renew. Energy World, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 102–121, 2001.
[11]        S. Gehlot, “Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) : Energy for Future!!,” 2018.
[12]        T. F. Ishugah, Y. Li, R. Z. Wang, and J. K. Kiplagat, “Advances in wind energy resource exploitation in urban environment: A review,” Renew. Sustain. energy Rev., vol. 37, pp. 613–626, 2014.
[13]        L. Ledo, P. B. Kosasih, and P. Cooper, “Roof mounting site analysis for micro-wind turbines,” Renew. Energy, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 1379–1391, 2011.
[14]        K. Syngellakis and H. Traylor, “Urban Wind Resource Assessment in the UK, An introduction to wind resource assessment in the urban environment,” Chineham Eur. Comm. Intell. Energy Eur. Agency, 2007.
[15]        S. Mertens, “The energy yield of roof mounted wind turbines,” Wind Eng., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 507–518, 2003.
[16]        K. C. Anup, J. Whale, and T. Urmee, “Urban wind conditions and small wind turbines in the built environment: A review,” Renew. Energy, 2018.
[17]        W. Musial and B. Ram, “Large-scale offshore wind power in the United States: Assessment of opportunities and barriers,” National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States), 2010.
[18]        Z. Hameed, Y. S. Hong, Y. M. Cho, S. H. Ahn, and C. K. Song, “Condition monitoring and fault detection of wind turbines and related algorithms: A review,” Renew. Sustain. energy Rev., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–39, 2009.
[19]        A. Grant, C. Johnstone, and N. Kelly, “Urban wind energy conversion: The potential of ducted turbines,” Renew. Energy, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1157–1163, 2008.
[20]        W. W. E. Association, “Small wind world report.” Bonn, Germany, 2016.
[21]        A. D. Peacock, D. Jenkins, M. Ahadzi, A. Berry, and S. Turan, “Micro wind turbines in the UK domestic sector,” Energy Build., vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 1324–1333, 2008.
[22]        D. Dodman, “Blaming cities for climate change? An analysis of urban greenhouse gas emissions inventories,” Environ. Urban., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 185–201, 2009.
[23]        H. Snel, “Review of aerodynamics for wind turbines,” Wind Energy An Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 203–211, 2003.
[24]        C. Sicot, P. Devinant, S. Loyer, and J. Hureau, “Rotation and turbulence effects on a HAWT blade airfoil aerodynamics,” in Wind Energy, Springer, 2007, pp. 221–226.
[25]        S. E. Ã, H. Bernhoff, and M. Leijon, “Evaluation of different turbine concepts for wind power,” vol. 12, pp. 1419–1434, 2008.
[26]        S. Armstrong, A. Fiedler, and S. Tullis, “Flow separation on a high Reynolds number , high solidity vertical axis wind turbine with straight and canted blades and canted blades with fences,” Renew. Energy, vol. 41, pp. 13–22, 2012.
[27]        T. Maeda, Y. Kamada, J. Murata, Q. A. Li, T. Kawabata, and T. Kogaki, “Measurements of flow field and pressure distribution of straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine,” in Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Association Conference and Exhibition, 2013, p. 8.
[28]        M. F. Ismail and K. Vijayaraghavan, “The effects of aerofoil profile modification on a vertical axis wind turbine performance,” Energy, vol. 80, pp. 20–31, 2015.
[29]        R. Howell, N. Qin, J. Edwards, and N. Durrani, “Wind tunnel and numerical study of a small vertical axis wind turbine,” Renew. energy, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 412–422, 2010.
[30]        H. J. Sutherland, D. E. Berg, and T. D. Ashwill, “A Retrospective of VAWT Technology,” Security, no. January, pp. 1–64, 2012.
[31]        M. S. Siddiqui, N. Durrani, and I. Akhtar, “Quantification of the effects of geometric approximations on the performance of a vertical axis wind turbine,” Renew. Energy, vol. 74, pp. 661–670, 2015.
[32]        W. T. Chong, A. Fazlizan, S. C. Poh, K. C. Pan, W. P. Hew, and F. B. Hsiao, “The design, simulation and testing of an urban vertical axis wind turbine with the omni-direction-guide-vane,” Appl. Energy, vol. 112, pp. 601–609, 2013.
[33]        J. C. C. Henriques, F. M. Da Silva, A. I. Estanqueiro, and L. M. C. Gato, “Design of a new urban wind turbine airfoil using a pressure-load inverse method,” Renew. Energy, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2728–2734, 2009.
[34]        D. W. Wekesa, C. Wang, Y. Wei, J. N. Kamau, and L. A. M. Danao, “A numerical analysis of unsteady inflow wind for site specific vertical axis wind turbine: A case study for Marsabit and Garissa in Kenya,” Renew. Energy, vol. 76, pp. 648–661, 2015.
[35]        I. Argatov and V. Shafranov, “Economic assessment of small-scale kite wind generators,” Renew. Energy, vol. 89, pp. 125–134, 2016.
[36]        R. Ã. Gupta, A. Biswas, and K. K. Sharma, “Comparative study of a three-bucket Savonius rotor with a combined three-bucket Savonius – three-bladed Darrieus rotor,” vol. 33, pp. 1974–1981, 2008.
[37]        S. P. Patil, A. R. Deshpande, and K. R. Jagtap, “Comparative Study of Different Types of Wind Turbine and an Overview of Some Issues Related with Wind Energy,” pp. 47–51.
[38]        M. A. Kamoji, S. B. Kedare, and S. V Prabhu, “Performance tests on helical Savonius rotors,” Renew. Energy, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 521–529, 2009.
[39]        J. Vicente, H. Antonio, and A. Prisco, “A review on the performance of Savonius wind turbines,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 3054–3064, 2012.
[40]        P. Rathod, K. Khatik, K. Shah, H. Desai, and J. Shah, “A Review on Combined Vertical Axis Wind Turbine,” Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. Eng. Tecnol., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 5748–5754, 2016.
[41]        Y. Kyozuka, “An Experimental Study on the Darrieus-Savonius Turbine for the Tidal Current Power Generation *,” vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 439–449, 2008.