مروری بر خشک‌کن‌های خورشیدی محصولات کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

10.22034/jrenew.2025.227722
چکیده
با توجه به اینکه سوخت‌های فسیلی همراه با آلایندگی بوده و استفاده دائمی از آنها مقدور نیست، توجه به استفاده از منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر از جمله خورشید، آب و باد برای خشک‌کردن محصولات کشاورزی افزایش یافته است که در این میان، انرژی خورشیدی بیشترین پتانسیل را داراست. خشک‌کن‌های خورشیدی از لحاظ ساختار به دو دسته غیرفعال و فعال دسته‌بندی می‌شوند. در نوع غیرفعال تنها از جابجایی طبیعی جریان هوا برای خشک‌کردن محصول استفاده می‌شود. ولی در نوع فعال، از یک فن مکنده یا دمنده برای ایجاد جریان هوا در سرتاسر بستر محصول استفاده می‌شود. در خشک‌کن‌های مستقیم، بستر محصول در معرض تابش مستقیم خورشید قرار می‌گیرد، ولی در خشک‌کن‌های غیرمستقیم بستر محصول مستقیماً در معرض تابش خورشید قرار ندارد و جریان هوای گرم از سرتاسر بستر محصول عبور می‌کند. در خشک‌کن‌های مختلط، جریان هوای گرم از سرتاسر بستر محصول عبور می‌کند و در عین حال خود بستر نیز به طور همزمان در معرض تابش مستقیم خورشید قرار دارد. از نظر مسیر جریان هوا نیز خشک‌کن‌های خورشیدی در دو نوع مدار باز و مدار بسته ساخته شده‌اند. در نوع مدار بسته بر خلاف نوع مدار باز، از هوای گرم خروجی از محفظه خشک‌کن مجدداً برای کمک به گرم کردن هوای ورودی و افزایش بازده حرارتی خشک‌کن استفاده می‌شود. توسعه انواع جدید و بهینه‌سازی انواع موجود خشک‌کن‌ها با استفاده از تکنیک‌های پیشرفته مهندسی همچون شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی و دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی، با سرعت در حال انجام است و در آینده شاهد ارائه انواع هوشمند خشک‌کن‌های خورشیدی نیز خواهیم بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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  • تاریخ دریافت 17 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 14 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 09 اردیبهشت 1404