روش‌های تولید تجاری آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها از پسماندهای تازه کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده
با افزایش جمعیت توسعه مواد غذایی و حفظ محیط‌زیست اهمیت ویژه‌ای پیدا نموده است. حدود 25 تا 30 درصد از فراوری کشاورزی - صنعتی را بخش‌های غیرخوراکی تشکیل می‌دهد که زیان اقتصادی چشمگیری را به دنبال دارد. به همین دلیل دانشمندان یک جایگزین بالقوه برای تولید ترکیبات فعال زیستی موثر، یعنی آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های حاصل از محصولات فراوری ‌شده گیاهی فرموله کردند. ضایعات کشاورزی را می‌توان در معرض روش‌های پیش‌ تصفیه و روش‌های مختلف استحصال فیزیکی و شیمیایی قرارداد تا در صنایع مختلف مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. ساختار سلولی پسماندهای زیستی کشاورزی متشکل از همی سلولز، سلولز و لیگنین است که بر همین مبنا استفاده از روش‌های پیش ‌تصفیه ضرورت خواهد یافت. با توجه به شرایط و نوع ماده اولیه امکان استفاده از روش‌های مختلف فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی یا آنزیمی پیش‌ تصفیه وجود دارد. در روش فیزیکی از هیچ ماده شیمیایی استفاده نمی‌شود. روش اولتراسوند برای استخراج آنتی اکسیدان‌ها در مقیاس صنعتی یک روش امیدوارکننده محسوب می‌شود. مایکروویو با تبخیر آب در سلول‌های گیاهی و افزایش فشار در محیط داخلی سبب استخراج می‌شود. پیش تیمار قلیایی NaOH از پیش تیمارهای ترموشیمیایی پرکاربرد است که اغلب برای محصولات تا حداکثر 26 درصد لیگنین عملکرد خوبی دارد. پیش تمیار اسیدی در مقایسه با پیش‌تیمار قلیایی عملکرد کمتری دارد. روش‌های پیش ‌تصفیه بیولوژیکی به دلیل عدم استفاده از مواد شیمایی با محیط-زیست سازگار هستند و عموماً به بازه زمانی طولانی نیاز دارند. روش‌های استحصال مرسوم برای استخراج آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها مواد مختلف کشاورزی در مقیاس کوچک کاربرد دارند. دی‌اکسیدکربن به‌عنوان مناسب‌ترین و محبوب‌ترین SF بشمار می‌آید

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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  • تاریخ دریافت 27 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 26 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 08 دی 1403