ارزیابی نقش مصالح ساختمانی در میزان مصرف انرژی یک فضای آموزشی در شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، مهندسی معماری، دانشگاه پیام نور واحد عسلویه، بوشهر، ایران

2 عضوهیات علمی، معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه پیام نور واحد بندرعباس، هرمزگان، ایران

چکیده
چکیده

دردهه های اخیر توجه کشورها به موضوع انرژی و تلاش برای کاهش مصرف آن افزایش یافته است. از آنجایی که بخش ساختمان یکی از بزرگترین مصرف کنندگان انرژی در جهان می باشد لذا بهینه سازی و صرفه جویی مصرف انرژی در این بخش امری ضروری است. در این پژوهش با هدف انتخاب مصالح بهینه در مصرف انرژی به بررسی تاثیر مصالح بر مصرف انرژی در ساختمان آموزشی در شهر تهران پرداخته شد. در جهت دستیابی به این مهم 6 ساختمان با معماری یکسان، 2 نوع مصالح ساختاری و3 نوع عایق متفاوت دردیوارهای خارجی ، با نرم افزار دیزایین بیلدرشبیه سازی شد. بنابر نتایج به دست آمده از شبیه سازی ها ساختمان هایی که مصالح دیوارخارجی آجری است، در شرایط مشابه مصرف انرژی کمتری نسبت به دیوار بلوک بتنی دارند. همچنین درسه نوع عایق بررسی شده در این پژوهش استفاده از عایق سیلیکون بیشترین مصرف انرژی را در پی داشته و عایق فایبرگلس بهینه ترین مصالح از نظر مصرف انرژی بوده است. عایق از مصالح تغییر فاز دهنده در میانه قرار دارد. این عایق از نظر مصرف انرژی عملکرد بهتری نسبت به سیلیکون داشته اما نسبت به عایق فایبرگلس مصرف انرژی بیشتری داشته است. با توجه به نتایج ذکر شده پیشنهاد می شود برای یک ساختمان آموزشی در اقلیم تهران از ساختمان با دیوار آجری و عایق فایبر گلس در جهت کاهش مصرف انرژی و بهینه سازی آن استفاده شود

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


  • - مراجع

    • Khodakarami and P. Ghobadi, Optimizing energy consumption in an office building equipped with intelligent management system, Journal of Engineering and Energy Management, 2016. (in Persian)
    • Shahabadi and N. ZainulAbedin Plato, The importance of optimizing energy consumption in buildings, 4th International Congress on New Approaches to Energy Conservation, 2011. (in Persian(
    • Kashani, Reducing energy consumption in buildings by storing energy in phase change materials, The First International Conference On Heating, Cooling And Air Conditioning In Iran, Tehran, June 2009. (in Persian(
    • Abbaspour and M. Rezaian Bajgiran, The place of software analysis in energy auditing in the construction sector, Man and the Environment, Vol. 8, No. 3 (14-consecutive 25), pp. 1–10, Sep. 2010. (in Persian(
    • Pocketbook 2018 Mobility and Transport, Accessed 26 December 2020;https://ec.europa.eu/transport/factsfundings/statistics/pocketbook-2018_en. [Accessed: 26-Dec-2020].
    • Martinez-Molina, I. Boarin, T. Ausina and J. L. Vivancos, Post-occupancy evaluation of a historic primary school in Spain: Comparing PMV, TSV and PD for teachers and pupils thermal comfort, Building and Environment, Vol. 117, pp. 248–259, May 2017.
    • Iran Energy Efficiency organization.
    • Allab, M. Pellegrino, X. Guo, E. Nefzaoui and A. Kindinis, Energy and comfort assessment in educational building: Case study in a French university campus, Energy Building, Vol. 143, pp. 202–219, May 2017.
    • S. Zomorodian, M. Tahsildoost and M. Hafezi, Thermal comfort ieducational buildings: A review article, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 59. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 895–906, 01-Jun-2016.
    • Bagheri, A.K. Nashani Zarei, A. Shirinbian, B. Shoemaker and A. Malekimehr, The effectiveness of climatic and natural factors affecting the architecture of rural areas of Iran. National Conference on Architecture and Landscape, Mashhad, 2014.
    • Hariri, Principles and Method of Qualitative Research, Islamic Azad University Press, 2011.
    • S.K.V. Harish and A. Kumar, A review on modeling and simulation of building energy systems renew, Sustain Energy Rev. 56 (Supplement C), pp. 1272-1292, 2016.
    • Eskin and H. Torkmen, Analysis of annual heating and cooling energy requirements for office buildings in different climates in Turkey, Energy Building, Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 763-773, 2008.
    • lower, Definind and metting the carbon constraints of the 21st century, Building Research & Information. Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 159-175, 2000.
    • H. Ghanbaran, B. Salehi, M. Kavehnejad and S. Ferdowsian, Factors on energy consumption of commercial buildings in Ilam, Third National Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Planning and Energy Management, Ardestan, 2017. (in Persian)
    • Elyasi and S. A. AhmadMoradi, The role of new energy in the architecture of green buildings with the approach of reducing energy consumption, Fourth Year, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2018. (in Persian)
    • Rahimzadeh and B. Barjesteh, Simulation of the impact of dimensions of exterior windows of buildings on annual cooling and heating load in residential homes of iran climate, 2nd International Conference on New Approaches to Energy Conservation, 2012.
    • Rashid, T. Malik and A.M. Ahmad, Effect of window wall ratio(wwr) on heat gain in commercial buildimgs in the climateof lahore, Int’l Journal of Research in Chemical, Metallurgical and Civil Enginering, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 122-125, 2016.
    • Nayara, J. Charbel, J. Chiappetta,” Barriers to green buildings at two Brazilian Engineering Schools. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 87-95, 2014.
    • Hajipour and N. Forouzan, Investigating the effect of city form on the amount of functional energy consumption in the residential sector, case study: Shiraz, Journal of Fine Arts - Architecture and Urban Planning, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 26 -17, 2014.
    • Taleghani, M. Tenpierika, A. Van den, R. Dobbelsteen and D. Dear, Energy use impact of and thermal comfort in different urban block types in the Netherlands, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 67, pp. 166–175, 2013.
    • Eskin and H. Torkmen, Analysis of annual heating and cooling energy requirements for office buildings in different climates in Turkey, Energy Building, Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 763-773, 2008.
    • Bao-Jie, D. Lan and P. Deo, Enheancing urban ventilation performance through the development ofprecinct ventilation zones: a case study based on the Greater Sydney, Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 47, pp. 101472, 2019.
    • Jun Meia, J. Tao Hu, D. Liud, F. Yun Zhaoa, Y. Lie and H.Q. Wang, Thermal buoyancy driven canyon airflows inside the compact urban blockssaturated with very weak synoptic wind: Plume merging mechanism, Building and Environment, Vol. 131, pp. 32–43, 2018.
    • V. Balakina and V.F. Sidorenko, Wind transformation around residential buildingsin street canyons, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 150, pp. 2049 – 2054, 2016.
    • M. Azizi and K. Javanmardi, The effects of urban block forms on the patterns of wind and naturalventilation, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 180, pp. 541 – 549, 2017.
    • Jian, L. Zhiwen, S. Mats and G. Jian, Natural ventilation assessment in typical open and semi-open urbanenvironments under various wind directions, Building and Environment, Vol.70, pp. 318-333, 2013.
    • Ramponi, B. Blocken, B. Laura, C. deo, D. Wendy and C.F.D, Janssen, Simulation of outdoor ventilation of generic urban configurationswith different urban densities and equal and unequal street widths, Building and Environment, Vol. 92, pp. 152-166, 2015.
    • Karakounos, A. Dimoudi and S. Zoras, The influenceof bioclimatic urban redevelopment on outdoor thermal comfort, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 158, pp. 1266-1274, 2018.
    • F.M. Kasima, S.A. Zakia, M.S.M. Alia, N. Ikegayaba and A.A. Razak, Computational study on the influence of different opening position arrayon wind-induced natural ventilation in urban building of cubical, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 169, pp. 256 – 263, 2016.
    • Marco-Felipe, L. Hannah L. Gough, H. Christos, J. Barlow, A. Robertson,R. Hoxey, Catherine J. Noakes, Investigating the influence of neighboring structures on natural ventilationpotential of a full-scale cubical building using time-dependent CFD, Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 169, pp. 265-279, 2017.
    • Ingy, A. El-Darwish, A. Ragheb, A. Sherif, Microclimate and human comfort considerations in planninga historic urban quarter, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 2016.
    • Abbasi; S. Sadeghpour and N. Entezar Reyhani, The impact of new and intelligent materials on reducing energy consumption by sustainable architecture, 4th International Conference on New Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning, 2016.
    • Rezaei E. Heidarzadeh and A.H. PariZanganeh, Optimizing energy consumption in the building by choosing the type of building materials: comparing wood with other types of building materials, International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Sustainable Urban Development, 2013.
    • Susorova and P. Azimi, Brent Stephens , The effects of climbing vegetation on the local microclimate, thermalperformance, and air infiltration of four building facade orientations , Building and Environment, Vol. 76, pp. 113e124, 2014.
    • Doulos, M. Santamouris and I. Livada, Passive cooling of outdoor urban spaces. The role of materials, Solar Energy, Vol. 77, pp. 231-249, 2004.
    • Farhadi, M. Faizi, and H. Sanaieian, Mitigating the urbanheat island in a residential area in Tehran: Investigating the role of vegetation,materials, and orientation of buildings, Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 46, pp. 101448, 2019.
    • Castellani, E. Morini, E. Anderini, M. Filipponi, F. Rossi, Development and characterization of retro-reflective colored tiles foradvanced building skins , Energy and Buildings, Vol. 154, pp. 513–522, 2017.
    • Morini, B. Castellani, S. De Ciantis, E. Anderini and F. Rossi, Planning forcooler urban canyons: Comparative analysis of the influence offaçades reflective properties on urban canyon thermal behavior , Solar Energy, Vol. 162, pp. 14-27, 2018.
    • Chatzidimitriou and S. Yannas, Microclimatedesign for open spaces: Ranking urban design effects on pedestrian thermal comfort in summer, Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 26, pp. 27-47.
    • Perini and A. Magliocco, Effects of vegetation, urban density, building height, and atmosphericconditions on local temperatures and thermal comfort, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 495-506, 2014.
    • Potchter, P. Cohen, T.P. Lin and Matzarakis, Outdoor human thermal perception invarious climates: A comprehensive review of approaches, methods and quantification Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 631, PP. 390-406, 2018.
    • A. Freire, J.S. Grau and J.L. Ayerra, Cool pavement for climate change adaption, Transportation Research Procedia, Vol. 58, pp. 551-558.

    G. Chen, C.K.C. Lam, K. Wang, B. Wang, J. Hang, Q. Wang, and X. Wang, Effects of urban geometry on thermal environment in 2D 

    • street canyons: A scaled experimental study Guanwen, Building and Environment, Vol. 198, pp. 107916, 2021.
    • http://www.dresteh.ir
    • Design Builder Software Ltd, DesignBuilder Software, 2008, www.DesignBuildersoftware.co.uk/.
    • Freitas and M.C. Brito, Solar façades for future cities, Renewable Energy Focus, Vol. 31, 2019.
    • L. Macintyre and C. Heaviside, Potential benefits of cool roofs in reducing heat-related mortality during heatwaves in a European city, Environment International, Vol. 127, pp. 430–441, 2019.
    • Manni, M. Cardinali, G. Lobaccaro, F. Goia, A. Nicolini and F. Rossi, Effects of retro-reflective and angular-selective retro-reflective materials on solar energy in urban canyons, Solar Energy, Vol. 209, pp. 662–673, 2020.

     

     

  • تاریخ دریافت 11 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری 13 اسفند 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش 29 فروردین 1402