مروری بر مطالعات و تحقیقات انجام شده در زمینه تولید انرژی الکتریکی با سیستم‌های خورشیدی شناور در دنیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 گروه انرژیهای نو و محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران

2 گروه انرژیهای نو و محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم و فنون نوین دانشگاه تهران

3 استاد دانشکده برق، دانشگاه صنعتی امیر کبیر

4 گروه انرژی های نو و سیستم های انرژی-دانشکده علوم و فنون نوین-دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

افزایش چشمگیر تقاضای برق، کاهش سریع سوخت‌های فسیلی و همچنین نگرانی‌های زیست محیطی در سراسر جهان منجر به گسترش نیروگاه‌های خورشیدی در مقیاس وسیع شده‌است. سیستم خورشیدی شناور یک طراحی جدید برای نیروگاه‌های خورشیدی است. سیستم‌های خورشیدی شناور معمولا بر روی آبراهه‌های آب مانند دریاچه‌های طبیعی یا مخازن سدها نصب می‌شوند. این فن‌آوری از سال 2007 مورد توجه کشورهای مختلف قرار گرفته‌است. نیروگاه‌های خورشیدی شناور متوسط و بزرگ در چندین کشور مانند ژاپن، کره‌ی جنوبی، هند و ایالات متحده نصب شده‌اند. با توجه به مزایای نصب این سیستم‌ها از جمله کاهش تبخیر، استفاده از این سیستم‌ها در مناطق خشک و کم آب مانند کشور ما می‌تواند راه حلی برای کاهش بحران آب باشد. در این مقاله، به مرور مقالات انجام شده بر روی تولید انرژی این سیستم‌ها و کارایی آن‌ها پرداخته شده‌است. سپس، تاثیر استفاده از این سیستم بر روی کاهش تبخیر و کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای و همچنین بررسی مسائل اقتصادی این سیستم‌ها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته ‌است.نتایج بررسی‌ مطالعات انجام شده نشان می‌دهد که بازدهی سیستم‌های خورشیدی شناور حدود 12 درصد بیش‌تر از سیستم‌های خورشیدی نصب شده بر روی زمین است. هم‌چنین این سیستم‌ها می‌توانند تا 90 درصد تبخیر سطحی آب را کاهش دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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