مروری بر فناوری‌های خنک‌سازی غیرفعال پنل‌ فتوولتائیک (۲۰۲۰-۲۰۲۵): پیشرفت‌ها در مواد تغییر فازدهنده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

10.22034/jrenew.2026.250826
چکیده
اتکای طولانی‌مدت بشر به سوخت‌های فسیلی و رشد سریع تقاضای انرژی، جهان را با بحران جدی مواجه ساخته و گذار فوری به منابع تجدیدپذیر برای کاهش پیامدهای تغییرات اقلیمی ضروری است. انرژی خورشیدی به دلیل پویایی و مقیاس‌پذیری جایگاهی ویژه یافته است. بااین‌حال، افزایش دمای کاری ماژول‌های فتوولتائیک موجب افت بازده و کاهش عمر آن‌ها می‌شود. در این راستا، خنک‌سازی غیرفعال با PCM رویکردی نویدبخش است. پژوهش حاضر با جستجوی سیستماتیک در پایگاه‌های معتبر (نظیر ScienceDirect و IEEE) طی سال‌های ۲۰۲۰ تا ۲۰۲۵ انجام شد. پس از غربالگری، ۷۶ منبع شامل مقالات مروری و پژوهشی در حوزه‌هایی مانند پایدارسازی شکل و میکروکپسول‌سازی تحلیل و ۱۶ مطالعه شاخص برای مقایسه کمی انتخاب گردید. تمرکز این مرور بر نوع PCM، روش‌های یکپارچه‌سازی آن‌ها و میزان تأثیر بر کاهش دما و افزایش کارایی سامانه‌های فتوولتائیک بوده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که استفاده از کامپوزیت‌های با رسانایی حرارتی بالا، ترکیب PCM با ساختارهایی نظیر پره‌ها یا ترموسیفون‌ها و طراحی‌های چند محفظه‌ای، عملکرد حرارتی را بهبود می‌بخشند؛ هرچند چالش‌هایی مانند نشت مواد و ملاحظات اقتصادی همچنان مطرح است و نیازمند توجه در توسعه‌های آتی این فناوری‌ها هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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  • تاریخ دریافت 21 مهر 1404
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