نانوفتوکاتالیستهای ادغامی با ساختارهای nD/nD (ترکیب ابعاد مختلف نانومتری) در سالهای اخیر بهعنوان رویکردی نوین و کارآمد برای ارتقاء عملکرد سامانههای تولید هیدروژن از طریق تجزیه نوری آب مورد توجه قرار گرفتهاند. این مطالعه، مروری بر انواع اتصالات ناهمگون فتوکاتالیستی شامل نوع اول، دوم، سوم، شاتکی، طرح Z و طرح S دارد و نقش کلیدی طراحی ابعادی (nD/nD) و مهندسی باند انرژی را در بهبود عملکرد این مواد تحلیل میکند. ساختارهای نوع S بهدلیل توانایی بالا در تفکیک فضایی بارها و حفظ پتانسیل اکسایش-کاهش، در میان هتروساختارها عملکرد برتری نشان دادهاند. همچنین، ترکیباتی با آرایشهای 0بعدی/ 2بعدی و 1بعدی/3بعدی به دلیل سطح تماس بالا، انتقال مؤثر بار و کاهش بازترکیب الکترون-حفره، توانستهاند نرخ تولید هیدروژن را بهطور چشمگیری افزایش دهند. بررسی دادههای تجربی نشان میدهد که فتوکاتالیستهایی نظیر CdS/ZnS، ZnIn₂S₄/g-C₃N₄ و CdS/NiCr₂O₄–LDH در قالب ساختارهای نوع S یا نوع دوم، بازده کوانتومی ظاهری تا 46.9 درصد و نرخ تولید هیدروژن تا µmol/g·h 25491.2 را ارائه دادهاند. در مجموع، تلفیق مهندسی نانوساختارها، انتخاب مواد مناسب و طراحی هوشمند اتصالات ناهمگون، نقشی اساسی در توسعه فتوکاتالیستهای نسل جدید برای تولید هیدروژن سبز ایفا میکند.
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