بررسی وضعیت پسماندهای کشاورزی و ارائه راهکارهای نوین دفع

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری انرژی ‏های تجدیدپذیر، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استاد، مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده
پسماند جنگلی در سراسر جهان برای اهداف مختلف مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. ترکیب پسماند جنگلی تا 50 درصد خواص مکانیکی پانل‌های چوبی را بهبود می‌بخشد. بریکت‌های تولیدی که حاوی شاخه‌ها زمان سوختن طولانی‌تری نسبت به بریکت‌های تهیه شده از چوب فراوری شده از تنه درخت دارند. محتوای بالاتر لیگنین باعث افزایش استحکام اصطکاکی و فشاری می‌شود. بیوچار به دلیل تخلخل و طبیعت بسیار کربناته به‌عنوان یک جاذب منحصربه‌فرد شناخته می‌شود. بیوچار حاصلخیزی، ظرفیت نگهداری آب، pH و مواد آلی خاک را بهبود می‌بخشد و همچنین از شسته شدن مواد مغذی و نفوذ آلاینده‌های آلی و معدنی جلوگیری می‌کند. بالاترین بازده تولید بیوچار در دماهای پایین‌ با محتوای لیگنین بالا امکان‌پذیر است. منابع تولید بیوچارها گیاهان و کود است که بیوچار فراوری شده از گیاهان را می‌توان به‌عنوان تهویه کننده خاک استفاده کرد و بیوچارهای فراوری شده از کود را می‌توان هم به‌عنوان تهویه کننده خاک و هم به‌عنوان کود به دلیل انتشار مواد مغذی استفاده نمود. بقایای جنگل کارایی یکسانی برای تولید بیوگاز ندارند. مقدار متان به دست آمده از بقایای چوب سخت چندین برابر بیشتر از بقایای چوب نرم است. شکل‌گیری اتانول یا بوتانول با نسبت مواد آلی و میکروارگانیسم‌ها تعیین می‌شود. هزینه آنزیم‌های آبکافت جذابیت فرایند هیدرولیز آنزیمی را علیرغم مزایای قابل‌توجهی کاهش می‌دهد. بقایای جنگل می‌تواند بسترهای بالقوه‌ای را برای رشد حشرات مختلف یا کشت قارچ خوراکی بر روی بسترهای حاصل از بقایای زراعت جنگلی به مدیریت پایدار جنگل، حفاظت از محیط‌زیست و امنیت غذایی جهانی در آینده کمک می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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دوره 13، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 25
اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 142-152

  • تاریخ دریافت 10 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 05 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 28 دی 1403