مروری بر بهینه سازی تولید بیوگاز با استفاده از پیش تیمار و کاهش آلایندگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم-دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده
تکنولوژی بیوگاز علاوه بر تولید انرژی، به کاهش اثرات زیست‌محیطی نیز کمک می‌کند. یکی از مزایای اصلی بیوگاز این است که به منابع غذایی انسان رقابت نمی‌کند. فاکتورهای اصلی محدودکننده شامل هضم همی سلولز و سلولز در زیست‌توده، به‌علاوه لیگنین، بلورینگی سلولز و اندازه ذرات هستند. لیگنین که به‌وفور در چوب‌های نرم یافت می‌شود، دارای ساختار پیچیده‌ای است که جداسازی آن یکی از مسائلی است که محققان در حال تلاش برای حل آن هستند. در زمینه افزایش بهره‌وری و صرفه‌جویی اقتصادی در تولید بیوگاز، اقدامات زیادی صورت‌گرفته است که استفاده از پیش تیمار یکی از روش‌ها بشمار می‌آید. پیش تیمار به روش‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی یا بیولوژیکی روی هضم قابل اجراست. در این مرحله باید از روش و موادی استفاده شود که کارآمد و مقرون‌به‌صرفه باشند. تکه‌تکه کردن، بلورینگی زیست‌توده را با افزایش سطح زیست‌تخریب‌پذیر کاهش می‌دهد. ا پیش تیمار اسیدی به دلیل هزینه و اثرات محیطی زیستی استفاده نمی‌شود درحالی‌که پیش تیمارهای بیولوژیکی دوستدار محیط‌زیست و مصرف انرژی پایینی دارند. بیشترین میزان اثرگذاری مربوط به پیش تیمار قلیایی است و در بین آنها NaOH نقش ویژه‌ای دارد. در هاضم‌های کوچک از پیش تیمار قلیایی شدید و در هاضم‌های بزرگ‌تر از پیش تیمار اسیدی متوسط استفاده گردد. استفاده از نانوذرات آهن صفر ظرفیتی امیدوارکننده‌ترین ماده برای افزایش تولید بیوگاز بشمار می‌آید. نانوذرات بر پایه کربن با ارسال الکترون، افزایش قابل‌توجهی از بیوگاز را نشان داد. همچنین برای اقتصادی نمودن تولید بیوگاز و کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای می‌توان از دی‌اکسیدکربن و هیدروژن تولیدی ناشی از بیوگاز در صنعت نیز استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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