Review on Advances and Challenges of Phase Change Material (PCM)

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI)

2 Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI).

3 Polymer group, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Having a reliable, low-cost, and always available energy production system has announced the energy storage systems as an important candidate. There are different methods to store renewable energies, which the storage of latent heat energy is more important one because of its ability to generate high energy storage density at constant temperature (phase change phase). Organic or inorganic compounds that are capable of absorbing and storing large amounts of heat energy are called phase-change materials. Due to the high efficiency and high capicity of phase-change materials in energy storage systems, the use of these materials in recent years has attracted many developed countries. The purpose of this paper is to review the various types of phase-change materials, the application systems and the other researches on these materials.

Keywords


[2]         J. Baker, “New technology and possible advances in energy storage,” Energy Policy, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 4368–4373, 2008.
[3]         A. Sharma, V. V Tyagi, C. R. Chen, and D. Buddhi, “Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications,” Renew. Sustain. energy Rev., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 318–345, 2009.
[4]         J. Skovajsa, M. Koláček, and M. Zálešák, “Phase change material based accumulation panels in combination with renewable energy sources and thermoelectric cooling,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 2, 2017.
[5]         A. M. Khudhair and M. M. Farid, “A review on energy conservation in building applications with thermal storage by latent heat using phase change materials,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 263–275, 2004.
[6]         N. Kumar and D. Banerjee, “Phase Change Materials,” in Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018, pp. 2213–2275.
[7]         A. Sarı, “Form-stable paraffin/high density polyethylene composites as solid–liquid phase change material for thermal energy storage: preparation and thermal properties,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 45, no. 13, pp. 2033–2042, 2004.
[8]         E. Onder, N. Sarier, and E. Cimen, “Encapsulation of phase change materials by complex coacervation to improve thermal performances of woven fabrics,” Thermochim. Acta, vol. 467, no. 1, pp. 63–72, 2008.
[9]         C. Alkan, A. Sarı, A. Karaipekli, and O. Uzun, “Preparation, characterization, and thermal properties of microencapsulated phase change material for thermal energy storage,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 143–147, 2009.
[10]       S. Mondal, “Phase change materials for smart textiles–An overview,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 1536–1550, 2008.
[11]       J.-S. Cho, A. Kwon, and C.-G. Cho, “Microencapsulation of octadecane as a phase-change material by interfacial polymerization in an emulsion system,” Colloid Polym. Sci., vol. 280, no. 3, pp. 260–266, 2002.
[12]       Y. Taguchi, H. Yokoyama, H. Kado, and M. Tanaka, “Preparation of PCM microcapsules by using oil absorbable polymer particles,” Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., vol. 301, no. 1, pp. 41–47, 2007.
[13]       Y. Shin, D. Yoo, and K. Son, “Development of thermoregulating textile materials with microencapsulated phase change materials (PCM). IV. Performance properties and hand of fabrics treated with PCM microcapsules,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 910–915, 2005.
[14]       R. Yang, H. Xu, and Y. Zhang, “Preparation, physical property and thermal physical property of phase change microcapsule slurry and phase change emulsion,” Sol. energy Mater. Sol. cells, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 405–416, 2003.
[15]       X. X. Zhang, X. C. Wang, X. M. Tao, and K. L. Yick, “Energy storage polymer/MicroPCMs blended chips and thermo-regulated fibers,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 40, no. 14, pp. 3729–3734, 2005.
[16]       C. Chen, L. Wang, and Y. Huang, “A novel shape-stabilized PCM: electrospun ultrafine fibers based on lauric acid/polyethylene terephthalate composite,” Mater. Lett., vol. 62, no. 20, pp. 3515–3517, 2008.
[17]       W.-D. Li and E.-Y. Ding, “Preparation and characterization of cross-linking PEG/MDI/PE copolymer as solid–solid phase change heat storage material,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 91, no. 9, pp. 764–768, 2007.
[18]       B. Zalba, J. M. Marı́n, L. F. Cabeza, and H. Mehling, “Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 251–283, 2003.
[19]       Z. Z. Sozen, J. R. Grace, and K. L. Pinder, “Thermal energy storage by agitated capsules of phase change material. 1. Pilot scale experiments,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 679–684, 1988.
[20]       C. Alkan, A. Sari, and O. Uzun, “Poly (ethylene glycol)/acrylic polymer blends for latent heat thermal energy storage,” AIChE J., vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 3310–3314, 2006.
[21]       T. L. Vigo and J. S. Bruno, “Improvement of various properties of fiber surfaces containing crosslinked polyethylene glycols,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 371–379, 1989.
[22]       C. Chen, L. Wang, and Y. Huang, “Electrospinning of thermo-regulating ultrafine fibers based on polyethylene glycol/cellulose acetate composite,” Polymer (Guildf)., vol. 48, no. 18, pp. 5202–5207, 2007.
[23]       H. Bo, E. M. Gustafsson, and F. Setterwall, “Tetradecane and hexadecane binary mixtures as phase change materials (PCMs) for cool storage in district cooling systems,” Energy, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 1015–1028, 1999.
[24]       S. Keleş, K. Kaygusuz, and A. Sarı, “Lauric and myristic acids eutectic mixture as phase change material for low‐temperature heating applications,” Int. J. energy Res., vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 857–870, 2005.
[25]       Y. Özonur, M. Mazman, H. Ö. Paksoy, and H. Evliya, “Microencapsulation of coco fatty acid mixture for thermal energy storage with phase change material,” Int. J. Energy Res., vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 741–749, 2006.
[26]       A. Sari and K. Kaygusuz, “Thermal energy storage system using stearic acid as a phase change material,” Sol. Energy, vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 365–376, 2001.
[27]       A. Karaipekli and A. Sari, “Capric acid and palmitic acid eutectic mixture applied in building wallboard for latent heat thermal energy storage,” J. Sci. Ind. Res. (India)., vol. 66, no. 6, p. 470, 2007.
[28]       G. Nelson, “Application of microencapsulation in textiles,” Int. J. Pharm., vol. 242, no. 1, pp. 55–62, 2002.
[29]       S. Kim and L. T. Drzal, “High latent heat storage and high thermal conductive phase change materials using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 136–142, 2009.
[30]       H. Liu and H. B. Awbi, “Performance of phase change material boards under natural convection,” Build. Environ., vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 1788–1793, 2009.
[31]       C. H. Lee and H. K. Choi, “Crystalline morphology in high‐density polyethylene/paraffin blend for thermal energy storage,” Polym. Compos., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 704–708, 1998.
[32]       S. Peng, A. Fuchs, and R. A. Wirtz, “Polymeric phase change composites for thermal energy storage,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 1240–1251, 2004.
[33]       J. Mengjin, S. Xiaoqing, X. Jianjun, and Y. Guangdou, “Preparation of a new thermal regulating fiber based on PVA and paraffin,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 92, no. 12, pp. 1657–1660, 2008.
[34]       Y. Hong and G. Xin-shi, “Preparation of polyethylene–paraffin compound as a form-stable solid-liquid phase change material,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 37–44, 2000.
[35]       M. Akgün, O. Aydın, and K. Kaygusuz, “Experimental study on melting/solidification characteristics of a paraffin as PCM,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 669–678, 2007.
[36]       F. Frusteri, V. Leonardi, S. Vasta, and G. Restuccia, “Thermal conductivity measurement of a PCM based storage system containing carbon fibers,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1623–1633, 2005.
[37]       J. M. Khodadadi and S. F. Hosseinizadeh, “Nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCM) with great potential for improved thermal energy storage,” Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 534–543, 2007.
[38]       A. Karaipekli, A. Sarı, and K. Kaygusuz, “Thermal conductivity improvement of stearic acid using expanded graphite and carbon fiber for energy storage applications,” Renew. Energy, vol. 32, no. 13, pp. 2201–2210, 2007.
[39]       M. Mehrali, S. T. Latibari, M. Mehrali, H. S. C. Metselaar, and M. Silakhori, “Shape-stabilized phase change materials with high thermal conductivity based on paraffin/graphene oxide composite,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 67, pp. 275–282, 2013.
[40]       M. Nourani, N. Hamdami, J. Keramat, A. Moheb, and M. Shahedi, “Thermal behavior of paraffin-nano-Al 2 O 3 stabilized by sodium stearoyl lactylate as a stable phase change material with high thermal conductivity,” Renew. Energy, vol. 88, pp. 474–482, 2016.
[41]       M. Li, “A nano-graphite/paraffin phase change material with high thermal conductivity,” Appl. Energy, vol. 106, pp. 25–30, 2013.
[42]       C.-J. Ho and J. Y. Gao, “Preparation and thermophysical properties of nanoparticle-in-paraffin emulsion as phase change material,” Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 467–470, 2009.
[43]       B. Xu, H. Ma, Z. Lu, and Z. Li, “Paraffin / expanded vermiculite composite phase change material as aggregate for developing lightweight thermal energy storage cement-based composites,” Appl. Energy, vol. 160, pp. 358–367, 2015.
[44]       M. Mu, P. A. M. Basheer, W. Sha, Y. Bai, and T. McNally, “Shape stabilised phase change materials based on a high melt viscosity HDPE and paraffin waxes,” Appl. Energy, vol. 162, pp. 68–82, 2016.
[45]       A. Karaipekli, A. Biçer, A. Sarı, and V. V. Tyagi, “Thermal characteristics of expanded perlite/paraffin composite phase change material with enhanced thermal conductivity using carbon nanotubes,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 134, pp. 373–381, 2017.
[46]       M. Nourani, N. Hamdami, J. Keramat, A. Moheb, and M. Shahedi, “Preparation of a stable nanocomposite phase change material (NCPCM) using sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) as the surfactant and evaluation of its stability using image analysis,” Renew. Energy, vol. 93, pp. 404–411, 2016.
[47]       A. Karaipekli et al., “Thermal characteristics of expanded perlite / paraffin composite phase change material with enhanced thermal conductivity using carbon nanotubes,” Renew. Energy, vol. 93, pp. 372–382, 2016.