Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, necessitates a shift in how we approach fuel consumption. Since a significant portion of these emissions originates from the transportation sector, it is crucial to implement measures to decarbonize this area. Currently, a large percentage of vehicle energy is derived from fossil fuels. To mitigate pollution and combat global warming, there is a pressing need to replace conventional combustion engine vehicles with sustainable alternatives. This study provides a comprehensive review and comparison of four prominent vehicle technologies: biofuel vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, electric vehicles, and solar vehicles. Among these options, electric vehicles show the most promise for reducing CO2 emissions. Both electric and solar vehicles are recognized as practical and sustainable choices. Notably, fuel cell vehicles produce the least greenhouse gas emissions from their exhaust. However, several challenges persist, including infrastructure limitations, a shortage of biofuels, increased weight, and rapid tire wear for fuel cell vehicles. Additionally, the intermittent nature of solar power generation presents difficulties for solar vehicles, as their performance is influenced by factors such as sunlight, temperature, and shading. Electric vehicles emit fewer greenhouse gases compared to conventional vehicles, although the extent of emission reduction is contingent upon the electricity generation source. Utilizing renewable energy sources for electricity significantly lowers greenhouse gas emissions, whereas reliance on petroleum sources yields only minimal reductions.
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ghorbani,A , Mesri Gundoshmian,T , khodkam,H and ghaebi,H . (2025). Comparison of vehicles with biofuel, electric, fuel cell and solar energy for decarbonization of the transportation sector. Journal of Renewable and New Energy, 12(1), 200-208. doi: 10.22034/jrenew.2025.216127
MLA
ghorbani,A , , Mesri Gundoshmian,T , , khodkam,H , and ghaebi,H . "Comparison of vehicles with biofuel, electric, fuel cell and solar energy for decarbonization of the transportation sector", Journal of Renewable and New Energy, 12, 1, 2025, 200-208. doi: 10.22034/jrenew.2025.216127
HARVARD
ghorbani A, Mesri Gundoshmian T, khodkam H, ghaebi H. (2025). 'Comparison of vehicles with biofuel, electric, fuel cell and solar energy for decarbonization of the transportation sector', Journal of Renewable and New Energy, 12(1), pp. 200-208. doi: 10.22034/jrenew.2025.216127
CHICAGO
A ghorbani, T Mesri Gundoshmian, H khodkam and H ghaebi, "Comparison of vehicles with biofuel, electric, fuel cell and solar energy for decarbonization of the transportation sector," Journal of Renewable and New Energy, 12 1 (2025): 200-208, doi: 10.22034/jrenew.2025.216127
VANCOUVER
ghorbani A, Mesri Gundoshmian T, khodkam H, ghaebi H. Comparison of vehicles with biofuel, electric, fuel cell and solar energy for decarbonization of the transportation sector. Journal of Renewable and New Energy. 2025;12(1):200-208 (In Persian). doi: 10.22034/jrenew.2025.216127
