مروری بر انواع مختلف سلول‌های خورشیدی و مکانیزم عملکرد آنها

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، شیمی کاربردی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران

2 استادیار، شیمی تجزیه (الکتروشیمی)، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران ، ۴۴۱۳-۱۵۸۷۵.

3 استاد، شیمی پلیمر، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران

چکیده

بحران انرژی یکی از مسائل مهم در دنیای امروز می‌باشد و کشورهای مختلف از راهکارهای متفاوتی برای حل این مسئله استفاده می‌کنند. منابع انرژی تجدیدناپذیر مانند سوخت‌های فسیلی به سرعت رو به اتمام است. استفاده از این منابع آلودگی­های زیست محیطی بسیاری بهمراه دارد که منجر به بروز  پدیده گرمای جهانی می‌شود. از این رو تمایل به استفاده از منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر مانند انرژی باد، انرژی خورشید و زمین گرمایی رو به افزایش بوده و             سرمایه­گذاری­های کلانی در کشورهای پیشرفته بر روی این نوع از منابع انرژی انجام شده است. مقاله مروری حاضر به بیان خلاصه­ای از انواع مختلف انرژی می‌پردازد و مختصر نگاهی به انرژی خورشید به عنوان یکی از مهمترین منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر دارد. در این مقاله مروری سلول‌های خورشیدی به عنوان دستگاه‌های فوتوولتائیک تبدیل کننده نور خورشید به جریان الکتریسیته معرفی شده و مطالب مفیدی در رابطه با انواع آن‌ها به همراه مزایا و معایب نسبی، مکانیسم عملکرد، راهکارهای استفاده از انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و پیشرفت‌هایی که در این تکنولوژی حادث شده است ارائه گردیده است. سرانجام وضعیت بازار جهانی در ارتباط با این تکنولوژی مورد ارزیابی قرار می­گیرد.  

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